A medical exam may show muscle weakness and problems with involuntary body functions (autonomic), as blood pressure and heart rate. The test may also show that reflexes, such as “knee jerk” are decreased or absent.

There may be signs of decreased breathing capacity, caused by paralysis of respiratory muscles.

You can order the following tests:

* Lists of cerebrospinal fluid (spinal fluid) which may have increased levels of protein without an increase in white blood cells.
* ECG may show heart problems in some cases.
* EMG tests the electrical activity in muscles and can show that the nerves do not react properly to stimulation.
* Nerve conduction velocity shows that electrical activity along the nerves is slowed or blocked.

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Symptoms of Guillain-Barre get worse very quickly. It may take only a few hours to more severe symptoms, but the increasing weakness for several days is common.

Muscle weakness or loss of muscle function (paralysis) affects both sides. In most cases, the muscle weakness starts in the legs and then spreads to the arms. This is called ascending paralysis.

Patients may notice tingling, pain in the leg or hand and clumsiness. If the inflammation affects the nerves to the diaphragm and there is weakness in these muscles, you may need breathing assistance.

Typical symptoms are:

* Loss of reflexes in arms and legs
* Muscle weakness or loss of muscle function (paralysis)
or in mild cases, it may not happen or paralysis or weakness
or may occur in the arms and legs simultaneously
or it may worsen over 24 to 72 hours
or may occur only in the cranial nerves
or may start in the arms and move downward
or may begin on the feet and legs and can climb to the arms and head
* Numbness, decreased sensation
* Changes in the sensitivity
* Tenderness or muscle pain (may be a cramp-like pain)
* Lack of coordination

Additional symptoms may include:

* Blurred vision
* Clumsiness and falling
* Difficulty moving face muscles
* Muscle contractions
* Palpitations (sensation of feeling heartbeat)

Emergency symptoms (seek immediate medical help):

* Temporary lack of breathing
* Inability to breathe deeply
* Shortness of breath
* Difficulty swallowing
* Drooling
* Fainting
* Feeling dizzy when standing

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Is a serious disorder that occurs when the body’s defense system (immune system) attacks the nervous system by mistake. This leads to nerve inflammation, which causes muscular weakness.

Causes

Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disorder (the body’s own immune system attacking itself) and it is unknown exactly what triggers. The syndrome may occur at any age but is most common in people of both sexes between the ages of 30 and 50.

Often follows a minor infection, usually a respiratory infection or gastrointestinal infection. The signs of the original infection have disappeared before the onset of symptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Guillain-Barre syndrome causes inflammation that damages parts of nerves. This nerve damage causes tingling, muscle weakness and paralysis. The inflammation usually affects the nerve’s covering (myelin sheath). This damage is called demyelization and reduces the transmission of nerve signals. Damage to other parts of the nerve can cause the nerve to stop working.

Guillain-Barre syndrome may occur along with viral infections such as.

* AIDS
* Herpes Simplex
* Mononucleosis

It may also occur with other medical conditions such as lupus erythematosus or Hodgkin’s disease.

Some people may develop this syndrome after suffering a bacterial infection or receive certain vaccines (such as rabies and swine flu). A similar syndrome can occur after surgery or when a patient is in critical condition.

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